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BUILDING MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS 0F CONCRETE 0R EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9.1911.

1,312,968. Patented Aug. 12,1919.

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THE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPII 60.. WASHINGTON. nv c.

H. J. FOGG.

' BUILDING MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS 0F coucam 0R EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,19 l7- 1, 3 1 2, 968 Patented Aug: 12, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

H. 1. FOGGf -BUIL D|NG MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS 0F CONCRETE OR EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

Pafiented Aug. 12, 1919.

6 SHEETSSHEET 3.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,19 H- I z :Q J/uvenifar' THE COLUMBIA PLANOORU'HI cu" WASHXNGTON. n. c.

H. FOGG.

BUILDING MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS 0F CONCRETE 0R EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,1917.

1,312,968. Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4- BUILDING MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS OF CONCRETE 0R EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 9,1911.

1,312,968. Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

s SHEETSSHEET'5.

-:x; \uLuMulA PLANOGRAPH WASHINGTON. D. C.

H. 1. F066. BUILDING MADE MAINLY 0F BLOCKS 0F CONCRETE 0R EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919;

I APPLICATION FILED JULY 9 I917- I 5 S HEET$-SHEET 6- 5 Fig.9. ,2

' i i a #2 E l I :i g I ll i *75 5:; 4* i H 3 I v a Q O Q I k 1 b /3 a; veil-rival? Ho 0 0 g, 6 f I $9 fm q' UNI ED STATES PATENT or o HAROLD JONES FOGG, OF LIVERPOOL, ENG-LANE.

BUILDING MADE MAINLY OF BLOCKS OF CONCRETE OR EQUIVALENT MATERIAL.

. Specification bf Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

Application filed July 9, 1917. Serial No. 179,438.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HAROLD JoNns F occ, a subject of the King of England, residing at Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in and Connected with Buildings Made Mainly of Blocks of Concrete or Equivalent Material, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to buildings made mainly of blocks and slabs of concrete, or earthenware, or material equivalent for the purpose; and the invention has for its object, among others, to provide improvements by which buildings can be Provided and built quickly, and at a small cost, and without the necessity of much skill in the art of building buildings.

The invention is illustrated in the annexed drawings, in connection with which it will be described; while the novel characteristics claimed in respect of the invention are severally set out in the claiming clauses concluding the specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a cross section; Fig. 2 is an elevation; and Fig. 3 a plan in section, illustrating the building generally; and Figs. 41 and 4c are end elevations half in outside view and half in cross section, and Figs. 5 and 5 are outside longitudinal elevations. Figs. 6 and 7 are details. Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are details showing the manner in which the blocks may be assembled.

The building is formed mainly of blocks 1 and slabs 15. The walls of the building are made up in the form of frames, consisting of stanchions or pillars 2, lower beams 3, and upper beams 4, the latter resting on the upper ends of the pillars or stanchions 2; and all these beams are made up of a multiplicity of blocks 1, tied and fastened together by metal rods 5, which extend through holes 12 in them; but gaps or grooves may be provided in the blocks, in which the rods 5 may be inserted and passed; and in cases where desired, the rods are grouted or cemented in the holes or gro0ves,as the case may be.

The bases 6 of the pillars or stanchions 2 are made larger than the body above, and may consist of a special large block or two or more blocks, as indicated; and upon the upper projecting surface of this base block 6, the ends of the lower beams 3 rest.

The ground linein the drawing is marked 7, and beneath it are the foundations 8 for the pillars or stanchions 2; and these may be made of concrete. The base 6 in the case is made up of a plurality of blocks, say 2 end to end; and the foundation 8 may be made of concrete blocks if desired.

-Along the center of the building, longitudinal beams 9, made up of blocks '1, and resting on concrete or other bases 10, may be employed, and upon them the floor beams or flooring 80 of thebuilding will rest; the other end of the floor beams or flooring resting on the upper edges of the lower beams 3.

The ends of the building will be made up of similar lower beams 3, and upper beams 1; the beams 3 being short and resting on the central longitudinal beam base 10. When the door is provided in the end of the building, the upper beams at will be supported by the upper parts of thedoor stanchions or pillars 2; and a special'slab 12'will be provided over the door, restingat its end on the door pillars 2.

'The blocks 1, a detail of which is given in Figs. 6 and 7 have grooves 13 in their sides and ends, which are adapted to receive the ends of panels or slabs 15, and constitute a species of rabbeting, adapted to receive the ends of the slabs 15. i

In the intermediate stanchions or pillars 2 of the building, the ends of the panels 01. slabs 15 will rest and lit in the end grooves or rabbets of the blocks 1; while at the end of the building, the panels orslabs- 15 will fit in one of the side grooves or rabbets of the corner pillars or stanchions 2, and in the door stanchions or pillars 2 the opposite ends of the said panels or slabs 15 will fit in the end grooves or rabbets, similarly as in the side pillars or stanchions of the building. p j

.A block thus formed, provides for vary: ing conditions, and for joining up different parts of a building in a tight manner. For instance as seen in Fig. 4, the upper member of the frame of the window 16 isprovided with a projecting ledge, which fits in the lower groove in the lower edge of the upper beam 4:; while the lower member of the window frame 16 is grooved, and the upper edge of the slab 15 below it, fits within this groove, and so makes good and weathertight joints, both top and bottom; and the slabs which will extend between the end .of the bottom roof slabs 15. provided in the upper surface of the gutter members of the window frame, andpillars 2, will lit at their ends in grooves in the window frame ends.

The panels or slabs 15 are tongued and grooved or similarly formed in their upper and lower ledges so that when they are placed one upon the other they make a weather-tight seal or joint.

The roof is made up of panels 01' slabs 15, similar to the panels or slabs 15 of the walls, and the ends of these slabs rest and are carried on T-steel principals 18, spaced apart at suitable distances, with their lower ends resting on and secured to, the upper side of the beams 4:.

At the foot of the roof panels or slabs 15, there are concrete gutter blocks 20, made in lengths of any suitable dimension, and resting on, and secured to, the'upper edges of the beams 4, and beveled and grooved at their inner edges to receive the lower edge A channel is blocks 20; and the channel and surface is provided with a surfacing 21 of asphalt or the like; while the roof tiles 15 will also be covered with asphalt 22, which at its lower edge merges into, and is made one with the gutter asphalt 21, so that a complete sealof the outside surface of the roof and gutters is accomplished.

The end of the building may be provided with a gabledcapping or factabling 23.

As will be noted in the detail drawing in Figs. 6 and 7, there are four holes 12 on each side of the block, and the tie bars can be passed through any of them as may be required. For instance, there may be two or more bars used, or one only, if desired.

By making blocks of this kind having a length equal to twice the width, and by having two rows of four holes in them as shown in Fig. 6, that is with 8 holes spaced from the ends and side surfaces half the distance they are spaced from one another, both longitudinally and transversely, various combinations of blocks can be made in which the blocks harmonize, and end and side sur faces of adjacent bloc-ks coincide in a geometrical manner consonant wit-h architectural requirements, and building construction principles.

Examples of such combinations are given in Figs. 8, 9, and 10 of the drawings, in which it will be seen that in all cases, the holes in the blocks for the reinforcing tie rods or bars 5 coincide in the adjacent blocks in the direct-ion of length and a bonding of the blocks is afforded. The purpose or objects and effects of such combinations and arrangements such as are shown in building construction, will be palpable to architects; and under given structural requirements. further combinations and arrangements will suggest themselves; the use of which isrenranged geometrically in the blocks as de- SCIIbGCl, have been particularly referred to,

yet the blocks may in some cases have more rows of holes than two, so long as they are arranged in relation to the sides or surfaces of the block, and to each other, as herein set forth; but for architctural purposes in connection with reinforced work blocks with a single row of holes and iron rods or bars passed through them are not serviceable,

such as those that have been proposed for the construction of summer houses and the like, and ordinary brick work, where it has been proposed to use blocks of different sizes, such for instance as blocks where the top surfaces are square, or equal to two of the single squares, or three of same, and each square or square port-ion of which has a central hole, by which the superposed blocks in the buildingcan be held together by rods passed through them; the reason being that the area of such blocks outside the iron reinforcing bars or members is not calculatable according to authorized calculations, as effective.

In reinforced concrete buildings, stirrups are frequently used for connecting together longitudinal members of iron or steel bars of the reinforcement; and such stirrups, say in the form of plates perforated, or links, may be used between the meeting faces of the blocks, or in grooves or channels left for the purpose, for binding or connecting together, at different points, two or more of thereinforcing rods or bars, as may be deemed advisable or required.

.Referring now to the construction in Fig. 8, it will be seen that the blocks are of the form and proportion shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and that two of the blocks project out on each side from the stanchion; and that the rods, which pass through the blocks above and below these two blocks, also pass through the inner or adjacent holes of the latter blocks; so that all the blocks are bound together. It will occur to architects that such a construction will be useful in many circumstances of building construction.

In Fig. 9 one of the blocks of the stanchion there shown projects longitudinally, and the geometric disposition of the holes 12 is such that one pair of tie rods 5 will pass through the second holes from the inner end of this block, and that the space at the inner end of the block, between the upper and lower blocks, will be made up by a small block of square form, which will be half the length and size of the oblong larger blocks; but the proportion of the blocks, and the holes in them, being that described, the holes in the full sized blocks in this case, and those of the half blocks, will coincide so that the'reinforcing rods 5 can and will pass through those of them as may be required.

A further illustration of the range of possible combinations of those blocks, so that the various holes, and end and side surfaces of blocks diiferently arranged or disposed, will coincide, is given in Fig. 10, in which is shown a stanchion made up of superposed pairs ofblocks of the oblong full size referred to; and in the successive levels, they lie at right angles to one another as regards their length. In such a case also the various holes in the different layers of blocks will coincide, and if bars 5 suchas shown are used, they will pass through the holes in the difierent blocks, and all the blocks will be bound together in this way into a stan chion.

The sizes of blocks hereinafter specified are such as can be used in a complete building; but as regards the blocks shown in Figs. 6 to 10, they may be assumed to be 12" long, 6' broad and 6" deep, with the exception of the half or small block which will be 6 broad by 6 long, that is square. The oblon blocks however (and others) may be of dierent sizes such as 10 by 5 byv 5, and other proportional variants, and so long as the relative proportions and dispositions of the holes are retained, difierent sizes may be employed.

When beams such as 3, 4, shown in Fig, 5, are employed, rods or bars as 14: maybe secured to the lower rods 5 of these beams, and pass down into holes in the blocks beneath the beam, in which they are grouted, and thus constitute a species of anchor, and a further reinforcement of the structure. And with regard to holes in the blocks, it is to be stated that in some cases for special purposes, blocks may be perforated with holes from end to end in a direction at right angles to the holes 12, or from side to side.

It will be plain from the above descrip tion that it is quite possiblefor buildings constructed as described and shown, to be erected without the necessity of using skilled builders, and thereby provide important advantages in many cases where masons or skilled builders are not available; the chief work to be done in building houses or other erections according to this invention, being the fitting and assembling of the parts.

The outside of the wall slabs 15 may be covered with a suitable waterproof cement, or rough cast, etc.

The size of thestanchion or pillar blocks may be less than those of the horizontal beams and the bases and capitals of the stanchions,-which may be made of the same size and form of blocks as the lintel and other beams.

At the bases of the stanchion base blocks or a block, concrete or other foundation is laid in situ; or steel plates may be fastened to the bases '(and also the capitals) by the with concrete if greater strength is required also, so that in the case say of a relatively long building, the interior spaces formed by the four outer walls could be divided readily and formed into a plurality of rooms or spaces, corresponding with the number of stanchion's there are in the building, in the dlrection of its length.

With regard to the different sizes of blocks and slabs as an illustration of the size and proportion of these, the stanchion blocks may be made 12 by 6" (and any desired depth) the stanchions bases and capital blocks 12 by 12 (and any desired depth) the sill beams and the-upper or plinth beams 12 by 6 (and any desired depth); and

the slabs 30-by 10..,- and say from 2 to 2% thick.

The floors may be made of any suitable form of material or blocks, according to the character of the building, and requirements; and where sealing or rendering water-proof is required, any suitable kind of covering or sealing may be employed.

By the use of such a proportion of blocks and slabs throughout a building, as described, a simple yet strong and light and inexpensive building can be furnished; and one which does not require worlnnen skilled in building construction for its putting together-erection; and it can be very quickly put together and erected.

In the construction shown, where a part isirepeated in the building, the same sizes of block 1 will be used; and in different sizes of buildings, the same relative set of sizes of the blocks will be employed, so that the blocks will have a relative proportional standard of size in its different parts, and the whole building will be standardized; and in the construction of a simple class of building, waste of different material will be reduced to a minimum; but the standard itself, as regards size of the different parts, may and will in some cases, be varied, and different standards used in different cases.

There will be no delay on account of one trade waiting on another. 7 I

By this invention. buildings can be built quickly from standardized material (which may be stock) so designed that the one block or unit can be reinforced, and adapted for the construction of walls, lintels, beams, stanchions, roofs, floors, etc., in combination with concrete slabs or otherwise.

What is claimed is 1. A building of the character described, comprising spaced vertical stanchions, horizontal beams arranged at the tops and bottoms thereof, slabs arranged between the stanchions, an A-roof arranged upon the top beams and embodying angularly arranged slabs having inclined edges, and gutter slabs arranged upon the top of the upper beams and having tongue and groove connection therewith, said gutter slabs being provided upon their upper surfaces with channels and having their inner sides inclined outwardly to contact with the inclined edges of the slabs of the roof.

2. A building of the character described, comprising spaced vertical stanchions, horizontal beams arranged at the tops and bottoms thereof, slabs arranged between the stanchions, an A-roof arranged upon the top beams and embodying angularly arranged slabs having inclined edges, and gutter slabs arranged upon the top of the upper beams and having tongue and groove connection therewith, said gutter slabs being provi'ded upon their upper surfaces with channels and having their inner sides inclined outwardly to contact with the inclined edges of the slabs of the roof, said gutter slabs being also provided at their tops and upon their inner sides With overhanging flanges projecting over the inclined edges of the slabs of the roof for holding the slabs against displacement.

3. A building of the character described, comprising space-d vertical stanchions provided with longitudinal grooves, horizontal beams arranged at the tops and bottoms thereof, tongue and grooved horizontal slabs arranged between the stanchions and having their ends projecting into the grooves thereof, inclined rafters supported by the upper beams,-tongue and grooved slabs arranged upon the rafters with their edges inclined, and gutter slabs arranged upon the top beams and having tongue and grooved connection therewith, said gutter slabs being provided upon their upper surfaces with channels and having their inner sides inclined outwardly to contact with the inclined edges of the slabs of the roof, said gutter slabs being also provided at their tops and upon their inner sides with overhanging flanges projecting over the inclined edges of the slabs of the roof for holding the same against displacement.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HAROLD JONES FOGG.

Witnesses SOMERVILLE GooDALL, EDWARD OLIVER,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents;

Washington, D. C. i 

